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Bariatric Surgery Applications in the Treatment of Morbid Obesity
Bariatric surgery applications are increasing in the treatment of morbid obesity. Bariatric surgery procedures can be classified as volume-limiting, malabsorptive and combined types. Gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion-duodenal switch and gastric bypass are the main body weight loss surgeries performed worldwide today. These practices are associated with the risk of micro and/or macronutrient deficiencies. Although surgical methods involve risks, their benefits outweigh the risks as they show significant improvement in chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. However, eliminating nutrient deficiencies associated with surgical body weight loss with early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and routine prophylactic micronutrient supplements is defined as the key to success. Teamwork is required to benefit from these surgical procedures. All bariatric surgery procedures have their own risk and body weight loss profile, but in general all procedures have low morbidity and mortality rates. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the techniques, effectiveness and complications of bariatric surgery and to provide recommendations for nutritional assessment, nutritional supplements, regular exercise and education.
